9:00 a.m.
Global Leaders of Corporate Licensing
A panel of some of the most successful and influential executives in the licensing world will once again come together to kick off the 2008 LES International Conference. Senior intellectual property executives will represent a cross section of fortune 500 companies. Don't miss this unique opportunity to learn what has made these licensing programs successful; what challenges were faced; and what this panel sees as the future of licensing and new business models. Time will be allotted for questions from the audience. Panelists:
Gary Dauser, Senior Director of Licensing, Infineon (Germany)
Infineon Technologies focuses on the three main areas: Energy efficiency, Communications and Security. Therefore it offers semiconductors and system solutions for automotive, industrial electronics, chip card and security as well as applications in communications. Furthermore, the company offers memory products throught its subsidiary Qimonda. A strong technology portfolio with about 22,900 patents and applications is characteristic for the company. With a global presence, Infineon operates through its subsidiaries in the USA from Livonia, California, in the Asia-Pacific region from Singapore and in Japan from Tokyo. Béatrix de Russe, Vice President Licensing and Intellectual Property, Thomson (France)
 Béatrix de Russé was appointed Executive Vice President, Intellectual Property and Licensing in February 2004.
Prior to 1999, she was Vice President Worldwide Licensing. From 1993 to 1999 she was successively Vice President Licensing, then Vice President Patents and Licensing for Thomson. For 8 years, Mrs. de Russé was in charge of international contracts and Intellectual Property at Thomson Components and STMicroelectronics, where she specialized in intellectual property matters. From 1976 to 1983, she worked as an international attorney at the international division of Thalès (formerly Thomson CSF). Ed Harrigan, Senior Vice President, Worldwide Business Development, Pfizer (USA)
 Dr. Harrigan began his career in pharmaceutical research and development at CIBA in 1990, following seven years in the private practice of neurology. After moving to Pfizer in 1992, he spent nine years in Phase II and III Clinical Development, in the CNS therapeutic area. During this time, he obtained wide-ranging experience in the development of early- and late-stage candidates, at team and management levels. He led a team in achieving the approval of Geodon, a novel treatment for schizophrenia, in multiple markets worldwide. Dr. Harrigan's experiences at Pfizer were supplemented during 2001-2003, by his roles as Senior Vice President of Medical Operations at Sepracor, and as Executive Vice President and Chief Development Officer at Neurogen. Dr. Harrigan returned to Pfizer as Vice President, Worldwide Medical Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, where his responsibilities were focused on marketed drugs and late-stage development compounds in those therapeutic areas. In Fall 2003, Dr. Harrigan was appointed Senior Vice President of Worldwide Regulatory Affairs and Quality Assurance, a position he held before assuming his current role.
Thomas Hofstaetter, Ph.D., Senior Vice President, Corporate Business Development, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals (USA)
 Thomas Hofstaetter, Ph.D., joined Wyeth in September of 2004 as Senior Vice President, Corporate Business Development. He also serves as a member of the Wyeth Management Committee.
As Senior Vice President, Dr. Hofstaetter is responsible for corporate and pharmaceutical business development for Wyeth. Before joining Wyeth, Dr. Hofstaetter worked for Aventis, where he served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Development. Prior to the merger that created Aventis, Dr. Hofstaetter was Senior Vice President, Business Development and Strategic Planning, for Hoechst Marion Roussel from 1995 through 1998 and was Executive Managing Director of Hoechst Japan Pharmaceuticals from 1991 to 1994. He previously worked for Behringwerke AG in Germany, where he started as a Research Scientist in 1978 and rose to Head of Research in 1988. Sean Murphy, Vice President, Global Licensing and New Business Development, Abbott Laboratories (USA)
 Sean E. Murphy has over 25 years experience in finance, operations, general management and business development at Abbott. Prior to his role as Vice President of Global Licensing and New Business Development at Abbott Laboratories, Mr. Murphy was Vice President, Global Licensing and Business Development for Abbott's Medical Products Group. Before joining Abbott, Mr. Murphy was President of Perclose, a subsidiary of Abbott. Prior to joining Perclose, Mr. Murphy was an associate for an international management consulting firm.
Charles D. Murray, Managing Director, DuPont Intellectual Assets & Licensing (USA)
 Charles D. (Chip) Murray leads the Intellectual Assets & Licensing (IA&L) business of DuPont, a position he assumed in April 2002. In addition to its role in out-licensing DuPont technologies, IA&L assists many DuPont businesses to form strategic supply alliances and business relationships with licensees. Prior to his current position, he held management positions in DuPont's Polyester Enterprise, including most recently, assignments as Global Technology Director and Director of Strategic Planning for Dacron®. His nearly 30-year career with DuPont has included assignments at many DuPont locations, and a variety of disciplines including engineering, marketing & dales, manufacturing and technical leadership. While Director of Strategic Planning for Dacron®, Mr. Murray negotiated strategic alliances or joint ventures with Unifi in USA, Akra Group in Mexico, Suzhou in PR China and Sabanci in Europe. Prior to DuPont, Mr. Murray worked for Shell Oil as a power systems engineer at the Norco, Louisiana refinery and chemical plant.
Makoto Ogino, General Manager, Strategy & Policy Planning Office, Intellectual Property Group, Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan)
 Mr. Ogino is a member of LES Japan and has more than 20 years of experience in licensing at Hitachi, Ltd, an electronics giant in Japan and the world. Before assuming his current position, he had been working at Hitachi as General Manager of IP Licensing Departments, directing various patent licensing projects, including complex semiconductor and LCD licensing projects with U.S. and European companies. Mr. Ogino is currently serving as the Vice Chairman of Steering Committee on Legal and Intellectual Property Rights at Japan Electronics & Information Technology Industries (JEITA).
Ruud Peters, Chief Executive Officer, Philips Intellectual Property & Standards (Netherlands)
 Ruud Peters started his career at the Intellectual Property & Standards (IP&S) Organization of Philips in Eindhoven. He was appointed Director of Philips IP&S in 1990, with worldwide responsibility for the patent and licensing operation in telecommunications, information systems, medical systems, and test and measuring systems. He participated in standard bodies, such as ISO and ETSI, where he contributed to formulating currently used intellectual property policies. In 1999, he was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Philips Intellectual Property & Standards, responsible for managing the worldwide intellectual property portfolio of Philips, and responsible for standardization activities in the field of optical storage (CD/DVD) and digital rights management and copy protection.
Marshall Phelps, Corporate Vice President and Deputy General Counsel, Microsoft (USA)
 As Microsoft Corporation's Corporate Vice President and Deputy General Counsel for Intellectual Property, Marshall Phelps supervises Microsoft's intellectual property groups, including those responsible for trademarks, trade secrets, patents, licensing, standards and copyrights. He oversees the company's management of its intellectual property portfolio, which comprises some 3,000 U.S.-issued patents, their foreign counterparts and more than 11,000 trademark registrations worldwide. In addition, Phelps helps lead Microsoft's ongoing work with other companies in the technology industry to broaden awareness of intellectual property issues.
Thomas Picone, Vice President, Strategic Alliances, Schering-Plough (USA)
 Dr. Thomas Picone is an executive with over 25 years of pharmaceutical experience, including 10 years in Research and Development and 14 years in Business Development, Licensing, M&A, and Commercial Development. Dr. Picone also worked at Pharmacia, Oxford Bioscience Partners and spent 17 years at Abbott Laboratories before joining Schering-Plough. He has a strong track record of making significant contributions to company growth by closing transactions from licensing agreements to co-promotions and acquisitions, valued at hundreds of millions of dollars. Dr. Picone completed 33 inlicensing, five out-licensing and two M&A projects in diverse therapeutic areas including diagnostics, urology, metabolism, pulmonology, vaccines, anti-infectives, gastroenterology, and genomic and medical devices. His experience with portfolio management and mega-merger (Pfizer/Pharmacia) integration has included FTC-required divestitures and company portfolio evaluation, integration, and management. His regulatory experience includes working in R&D on the submission of four INDs and assisting on many NDAs. Dr. Picone also has experience in all three clinical phases of product development.
Dr. Picone was formerly Entrepreneur-In-Residence at the VC firm Oxford BioScience Partners. His responsibilities there included advising portfolio companies on approach strategies to Big Pharma, advising portfolio companies on their development plans for compounds and serving on the boards of six private companies and one public company - Unigene. Dr. Picone is President of the Licensing Executives Society (U.S.A. and Canada), Inc., having served as the Chairman of the Health Care Sector from 2000 to 2001.
Gino Santini, Senior Vice President, Corporate Strategy and Business Development, Eli Lilly & Co. (Italy)
 Gino Santini was named senior vice president of corporate strategy and business development in June 2007. He became a member of the company's policy committee in January 2004. He is also a member of the company's senior management forum.
He joined Lilly in 1983 as a financial planning associate in Italy and has held various positions in the financial and marketing components in Italy and Indianapolis. In 1990, Santini was appointed pharmaceutical director for the Lilly affiliate in Belgium, and in 1991, he was named general manager of Eli Lilly Compania de Mexico in Mexico City. He served as area director of Latin America from 1994 to 1995. In 1995, he became vice president of corporate strategy and business development with the responsibility for the public policy and development group added in early 1996. He was named president of the women's health business unit in 1997. In 1999, he became president of U.S. operations. Mr. Santini is a past chairman of the board of the National Pharmaceutical Council. In addition, he serves on the executive board of Noble of Indiana, a nonprofit agency serving individuals with developmental disabilities in Central Indiana where he also served as board chairman. He is also a member of the executive committees of the Healthcare Leadership Council, Healthcare Executives Leadership Network, and the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce. Jeff Weedman, Vice President, External Business Development, Procter & Gamble (USA)
 Jeff Weedman is responsible for External Business Development (EBD) at Procter & Gamble. In 1996, what began as the entrepreneurial Global Licensing department charged with the commercialization of P&G's "treasure trove" of 28,000+ patent technology assets, 300+ global trademarks and extensive processes and know-how, has now been transformed into a robust EBD organization that is also responsible for finding external technologies, "cooked products," and business propositions that can be brought in-house.
Mr. Weedman's diverse career at P&G has included marketing and general management responsibilities across well-known brands such as Tide, Dawn, Mr. Clean, Downy, Folgers and others. His assignments have covered retail, institutional, club, and direct store delivery channels. Jeff has also had functional experience in marketing, sales, finance, and global strategic planning. Currently, Mr. Weedman is on the Board of Northern Kentucky University's Research Foundation. He also serves as an Observing Board Member of several ventures, including the P&G/Clorox Glad Joint Venture, and yet2.com, an Internet-based business-tobusiness company, focused on creating a global intellectual property marketplace. Robert Wills, Vice President, Johnson & Johnson (USA)
 Dr. Wills is Vice President, Alliance Management, Johnson & Johnson. He is responsible for managing strategic alliances for the Pharmaceutical Group worldwide. This includes the relationships for Velcade, ceftobiprole, rivaroxaban, telaprevir, tapentadol, Yondelis and others. As head of Alliance Management, he oversees a small group of professionals who play an active role in the negotiations of alliances (structure, governance, dispute resolution, communication) in leading the integration post-signing and in managing the overall alliances.
Prior to moving into this role in late 2001, Dr. Wills spent 22 years in pharmaceutical drug development, 12 of which have been at Johnson & Johnson. In his previous role as Senior Vice President Global Development, he was responsible for the R&D pipeline and a member of the R&D Board of Directors. In addition he served on several of the commercial Operating Company Boards and key pharmaceutical group decision-making committees. Dr. Wills began his career at Hoffmann-LaRoche where he spent 10 years in several roles of scientific responsibility. Much of Dr. Wills' accomplishments are related to his R&D career, which included the successful development of over 30 NDA's, PLA's, and MAA's in multiple therapeutic areas. He has authored over 40 peer reviewed research articles, 5 book chapters, and 50 professional presentations abstracts in the area of pharmacokinetics. Barbara Yanni, Vice President and Chief Licensing Officer, Merck (USA)
 Barbara Yanni leads the Corporate Licensing group, which is responsible for negotiating agreements to acquire compounds, programs and new technologies to complement Merck's research programs and pipeline. She works closely with her scientific colleagues at Merck to ensure that the company has access to discoveries that will enhance Merck's ability to bring new medicines to the market. Ms. Yanni and her team have played a major role in the significant increase in Merck's external relationships. In the past four years, Merck has executed almost 200 significant licensing transactions in all stages, from technologies and early research collaborations to Phase III development candidates.
Before joining Corporate Licensing, Ms. Yanni was Executive Director of Corporate Development at Merck where she negotiated acquisitions, divestitures and other business arrangements. She has also worked in other positions in Merck's Finance area including Financial Evaluation and Analysis, Treasury and Tax. She joined Merck in 1985 as Domestic Tax Counsel after working as a tax lawyer for several years at Bristol-Myers and in private practice. Michael Yeomans, Senior Vice President Global Business Development & Licensing, Bayer Schering AG (Germany)
 Dr. Michael A. Yeomans has more than thirty years experience in the pharmaceutical industry, including more than fifteen years in licensing and business development roles, most recently with the specialty pharmaceutical company Biovail Corporation, and prior to that with Aventis and Hoechst Group companies. He has been responsible for identifying, negotiating and closing numerous deals, including product licenses, patent licenses, strategic alliances, joint ventures and acquisitions.
Dr. Yeomans is an active member of the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Licensing Executives Society. |
8:15 a.m. - 9:00 a.m.
Industries around the World: Where is the Grass Greener?
Leaders from various industries will debate which industry has more opportunities and is more conducive for licensing. Moderator:
Stasia Ogden, Assistant Chief Patent Counsel, Biotech Baxter Healthcare (USA)
 Stasia Ogden is the Assistant General Counsel, Intellectual Property, Biotech for Baxter Healthcare Corporation in Deerfield, Illinois. Prior to joining Baxter, she served as Associate Chief Intellectual Property Counsel with Becton, Dickinson and Company, Senior IP Counsel, Life Sciences Business Unit with Motorola, Inc., Assistant General Counsel, IP with Monsanto Company, and a Patent Attorney with Johnson & Johnson. Prior to that, she worked at the law firms of Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner and Cushman, Darby & Cushman.
Panelists:
Walter G. Copan, Executive Vice President, North American Operations and Chief Technology Officer, Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (USA)
 Dr. Copan is Executive Vice President-North American Operations and Chief Technology Officer at Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. Prior to joining Clean Diesel, he was with the NationalRenewable Energy Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy in the capacity of Principal Licensing Executive. Before his decision to join NREL, Dr. Copan was Managing Director, Technology Transfer and Licensing for The Lubrizol Corporation.
Within LES (USA & Canada), Dr. Copan has been Vice President for Member Interests, Trustee for Mentoring, and has chaired the LES Energy, Chemicals and Materials Committee and the Industry- University-Government-Interface Committee. In LES International he was Chair for the LESI Chemicals, Energy and Environment Committee and is currently Chair of the Industry-University- Government-Interface Committee. Walt is also an international delegate to LESI. Simmone Misra, Licensing Executive, Technology & Patent Licensing, Microsoft Corporation (USA)
 Simmone Misra is part of Microsoft's corporate IP Licensing Group. As Microsoft's licensing executive for outbound IP licensing, Ms. Misra licenses a varied portfolio of IP including interoperability protocols, file systems, audio and video codec and conferencing technology. She has 13 years of experience in the high tech industry including Xbox, Microsoft Hardware and Hewlett Packard. Ms. Misra is an active participant in the Licensing Executive Society, and is a member of the Board for the Seattle chapter.
Ekkehard Schoettle, Senior Intellectual Property Licensing Attorney, BP (USA)
 Ekkehard presently is the global single point of accountability for all intellectual property matters relating to BP's alternative energy businesses and ventures, including biofuels, solar, wind, carbon dioxide sequestration and hydrogen power. In this role, Ekkehard recently assisted in setting up the first Energy Biosciences Institute at a major United States university. Ekkehard previously provided intellectual property legal support to BP's Refining Technology Group and its Refining and Marketing Segment. Prior to joining BP, Ekkehard was Senior Counsel at UOP LLC, where he provided general legal support to the Petrochemical Business Unit and the Custom & Specialty Products Business Unit.
9:00 a.m. - 9:45 a.m.
Regions of the World: Which is More Conducive to Licensing?
Experts from several countries will debate which area offers a more attractive environment for licensing from the perspective of particular laws and practices relating to and affecting licensing. Moderator:
Alan Lewis, Patent Attorney, Adams & Adams (South Africa)
 Alan Lewis joined Adams & Adams in 1972, became a partner in 1977 and has practised as a patent attorney since then. In October 1987 he was admitted as a Notary Public.
Alan has been active in LES since about 1985. He was President of LES South Africa in 1994/95 and again in 2005/6. He was a vice-president of LES International from 2005 to 2007. He has also been active in various committees of LES International and is presently a Co-chair of the Communication Committee. He is an accredited instructor for the LESI Fundamantal and Intermediate Intellectual Asset Management Courses. He has lectured and set exams to candidate patent attorneys on the drafting of patent specifications and practical legal problems with respect to patents for the past 18 years. Alan has presented a number of papers at conferences, seminars and courses in South Africa and overseas on a variety of IP and licensing issues. He has also collaborated with various books, the latest being the chapter on South Africa for a treatise on world trade secret law published by West. In addition he has been involved in negotiating and structuring numerous IP licensing and acquisition transactions, both locally and abroad. He has also valued IP for a number of businesses and conducted due diligence investigations, such as for Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. when it listed on the NASDAQ. Nigel Jones, Intellectual Property, Linklaters LLP (UK)
 Nigel Jones is Co-Head of the Healthcare Sector Group, and a partner in the intellectual property department, of international law firm Linklaters LLP, based in its London office. He advises leading organisations in the healthcare, pharmaceutical and biotech sectors on intellectual property, regulatory and commercial matters. This includes assisting multinational pharmaceutical companies to co-ordinate international patent disputes; working with companies and investment banks on M&A and finance transactions; and identifying and implementing innovative ways for such organisations to make the most of their key commercial assets. He is an active member of a number of professional associations, including the Licensing Executives Society International (the UK chapter of which he is currently Vice-President), and a member of the editorial board of the Bio-Science Law Review.
Anita Leung, Attorney, Jones Day
 Anita specializes in the protection, exploitation and enforcement of intellectual property rights, with particular focus on commercial IP work in relation to licensing, franchising, distribution, advertising, sponsorship and transactional support and due diligence. She also handles and advises on Hong Kong IP enforcement and litigation, product labeling and regulatory issues.
Anita is the current Chair of the Legal Committee of the Licensing Executive Society China Hong Kong Sub-chapter. She also sits on various other committees, including the Law Society IP Committee and the Copyright Committee of the Asian Patent Attorneys Association Hong Kong Chapter. She is a member of the Board of Governors of the American Chamber of Commerce and a Council Member of the Federation of Women Lawyers.
Daniel M. McGavock, Vice President, CRA International (USA)
 Dan McGavock is a Vice President and IP practice leader of CRA International, a business, financial, and economics consulting firm with over 28 worldwide locations spanning 10 countries and 4 continents. CRA's IP practice provides valuation, litigation support/expert testimony, transaction advisory, cross-border transfer pricing, and strategic consulting services related to all types of IP and intangible assets. Mr. McGavock has specialized in the valuation and strategic management of IP for over 22 years. He has valued IP in a broad array of strategic, regulatory, and transactional contexts and has provided expert testimony on IP damages issues on over 50 occasions. Prior to CRA's acquisition of InteCap in 2004, Mr. McGavock served as InteCap's President and as a member of its Board of Directors. He is also a registered CPA and currently serves as Vice Chairman of LESI's audit committee.
Simon Rowell, Partner, James & Wells (New Zealand)
 Simon Rowell, leads James & Wells' commercialisation team. Mr. Rowell advises clients in relation to legal and business issues involved in the commercialisation of intellectual property. He is a Registered Patent Attorney and a barrister and solicitor. He is president of the Licensing Executives Society of Australia and New Zealand, Chairman of the Asia Pacific Presidents of the Licensing Executives Society International, and President-Elect of the Entrepreneur's Organisation, Auckland.
9:45 a.m. - 10:30 a.m.
Dreadful Drafting or Differences in Law: A Worldwide Perspective
Experts from several countries will examine examples of poorly drafted clauses in international license agreements and debate whether their inadequacies are caused by dreadful drafting or conflicting laws. Moderator:
John Ramsay, Partner, Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP (Canada)
 John Ramsay is a partner in the firm's Calgary office practising in the area of technology law. Acting as counsel to closely held businesses throughout his career, and to developers and users of technology, particularly computer software, John has been rated by Lexpert as one of Canada's leading lawyers in intellectual property and in technology law. He is also recognized in The Best Lawyers in Canada.
A prolific writer John's first text, entitled Technology, Transfer and Licensing, was published in 1996 and the second edition, entitled Ramsay on Technology Transfer and Licensing, was published in 2002, both by Butterworths Canada Ltd. Panelists:
Peter Chrocziel, Attorney, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer (Germany)
 Peter Chrocziel has been a partner of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer since 1991 and works in the Munich office. He is a member of our global intellectual property and information technology (IP/IT) practice and was co-head of the group from 2000 to 2006. His clients include major international companies engaged primarily in modern technologies such as information technology, software and telecommunication. His practice covers all aspects of intellectual property work, including patent, trademark and copyright, antitrust, litigation and licensing.
Mr. Chrocziel was born in 1957 in Nürnberg, Germany. He studied law at the University of Erlangen, Germany. He holds a Doctor of Laws degree (Dr iur) from the University of Munich (1985) and an MCJ degree from the New York University School of Law. He was a research fellow of the Max-Planck-Institute in Munich, and interned as visiting expert with the European Commission (DG IV). He is a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bavaria, where he teaches patent, trademark and competition law. Peter was admitted to the German Bar in 1983 and to the New York courts, as well as the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In 2006 he served as President of the Licensing Executives Society International (LESI). Adam Liberman, Lawyer, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia)
 Mr. Liberman is General Counsel and General Manager Intellectual Property at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), which is Australia's and one of the world's leading science, research and technology transfer organisations. Prior to joining CSIRO in August 2006, Mr. Liberman was a partner in one of Australia's leading commercial law firms, Freehills.
Mr. Liberman has over 30 years' experience as a lawyer in the intellectual property, licensing, commercial and corporate arenas. He has advised a wide spectrum of parties involved in the innovation process, including research institutes, universities, start-ups, co-operative research centre participants, venture capitalists, investments banks, SMES, large Australian corporates and multi-national companies. Mr. Liberman has been on the board of the Licensing Executive Society International (LESI) since 2002 and is President Elect of LESI. Patrick O'Reilley, Partner, Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP (USA)
 Patrick O'Reilley leads the firm's technology transactions practice and is a recognized expert in the field. He focuses almost exclusively on transactions involving intellectual property and technology transfer.
Mr. O'Reilley counsels large and small clients on many types of transactions involving intellectual property, ranging from simple license agreements to complex research and marketing collaborations. He assists clients in all phases of such transactions. He guides clients through disputes arising from technology transfer contracts and helps clients formulate, negotiate, and prepare agreements settling disputes. He represents clients as licensors and as licensees in all industries that employ technology transactions, and he has particular experience in transactions in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, telecommunications, and electronic industries. In addition to his transactional work, Mr. O'Reilley assists clients in obtaining and enforcing their intellectual property assets. In his career, he has filed and obtained hundreds of domestic and foreign patents and trademarks. He has also played significant roles in numerous trademark infringement, patent infringement, and trade secret misappropriation litigations in federal and state courts and in the International Trade Commission. 10:30 a.m. - 11:00 a.m.
Networking Coffee Break 11:00 a.m. - 11:45 a.m.
Roundtable Discussions A
Following the panel presentations, registrants will select a roundtable discussion to explore one of these three areas in more detail. The roundtables will be organized by moderators who will lead a discussion of a particular issue in the area (e.g., advantages of the European patent licensing system). Notes from each roundtable discussion will be compiled for distribution to all participants after, of the conference. 11:45 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.
Roundtable Discussions B
Participants will have an opportunity to change rooms or tables to learn more about the issues in a different region, industry, or jurisdiction. |
